He succeeded his father as Butler of the Kingdom of the Franks in 741 together with his brother Carlomanno. He held the reins of power with Childeric III as nominal King, the last of the Merovingian dynasty. In 751, following negotiations with the Pope, he obtained the recognition of the royal title and the anointing for himself and his two sons. It was in fact a coup d'état, but it confirmed a situation that had already been defined for some time. Thus began the government of the Carolingian dynasty, which lasted for about two centuries and extended its rule to Italy, northern Spain and Germany.
In fact, most of the successes achieved by his son, Charlemagne, were already marked by the policy of Pepin the Short: the alliance with the Papacy, the wars against the Lombards, the campaigns in Saxony and the fight against the Muslims on the southern border of the kingdom.