Turkmenistan is located northeast of Iran, on the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea, and is one of the republics born after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. A good part of the territory corresponds to the barren desert plain of the Karakum; the economy of the country is based on the cultivation of cotton and the exploitation of the hydrocarbon resources (natural gas and in a lesser way oil) of the subsoil.